Baku Map

Baku City, Baku Ekonomic Zone, Azerbajdžan

Baku, the bustling capital of Azerbaijan, stands as a testament to the crossroads of history, culture, and geology. Not only is it the largest city on the Caspian Sea, but it also holds the unique distinction of being the world’s lowest lying national capital, situated at 28 meters below sea level. This article delves into the geographical marvels, the demographic mosaic, and the rapid urban transformation that defines this city of over two million people.

Geographical Essence

Positioned at 40°23′43″N 49°52′56″E, Baku captivates with its blend of natural and man-made splendor. It rests on the southern shores of the Absheron Peninsula, alongside the Bay of Baku, which has long been a spot of strategic and commercial significance. The city’s terrain encompasses a mix of coastal lowlands and urban structures, extending over an area of 2,140 square kilometers.

The urban landscape is marked by significant architectural feats on islands of the Baku Archipelago and the industrial suburb of Neft Daşları, known for its unique oil platform developments. The city’s elevation ranges, with parts lying below sea level, contributing to its unique climate and environmental conditions.

Population

With a population of approximately 2,616,948 as of 2019, Baku not only dominates Azerbaijan’s urban population but it also encapsulates around one-fourth of the entire nation’s inhabitants. This demographic concentration underscores Baku’s role as the central hub for the country’s political, economic, and cultural activities.

Ethnically, Baku has transformed over the decades, evolving from a historical mosaic to a predominantly Azerbaijani demographic post-1990, following the exodus of Armenian and Russian populations due to political upheavals. The current demographic profile is a vibrant amalgamation, including Talysh, Lezgi, Russians, and other minority communities that contribute to the city’s multicultural fabric.

Urban Development and Administration

The administration of Baku is split into twelve administrative raions and 48 townships, an arrangement that supports localized governance and infrastructure development. The cityscape of Baku is a fascinating array of historical edifices and modern developments. It boasts ancient UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah’s Palace and Maiden Tower, alongside cutting-edge buildings such as the Heydar Aliyev Center.

Baku’s evolution is palpable in its drive towards modernization while preserving its rich history. Its urban development has been geared towards enhancing living standards and bolstering its position as a global metropolis.