Nikozija, Cipar, 1011, Cipar
Nicosia, the southeasternmost capital of the European Union member states, is a city rich in history and diverse in its demographic composition. Geographically positioned near the center of the Mesaoria plain in Cyprus, Nicosia is encased by the picturesque banks of the River Pedieos. With an elevation of 220 meters, the city’s climate is typified by hot semi-arid conditions, fostering long, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
The capital city of Cyprus since the 10th century, Nicosia bears the unique distinction of being a divided city, with the southern part governed by the Republic of Cyprus and the northern part administered by Northern Cyprus. This division reflects in the city’s urban fabric and population distribution. As of 2016, the population numbers are telling: the southern part of Nicosia is home to 55,014 inhabitants, while the north counts 61,378 residents.
Landscape
Nicosia’s urban area extends beyond the city limits, incorporating suburbs and neighboring municipalities. The south’s urban region includes the municipalities of Nicosia, Agios Dometios, Egkomi, Strovolos, Aglantzia, Lakatameia, Anthoupolis, Latsia, and Yeri. In the north, it encompasses North Nicosia, Gönyeli, Gerolakkos, and Kanli. The diverse composition of its residents has given rise to a unique cultural tapestry where Greek, Turkish, Armenian, and other communities have left an indelible mark on the city’s character.
A City of Boundless History
The city’s extensive history stretches back over 4,500 years. Ancient Nicosia, known as Ledra, saw Assyrian, Byzantine, and Frankish rule, each leaving a legacy of architectural and cultural monuments. The Venetian walls of Nicosia, which still stand today, encapsulate the historical richness of the city. These fortifications, with their distinctive star shape featuring eleven bastions, were constructed in the 16th century to defend against Ottoman incursions.
Commerce and Culture
Nicosia’s status as the island’s financial capital is uncontested. It is the headquarters for major Cypriot banks and international businesses, affirming its role as the economic engine of Cyprus. The city’s commercial viability is further underlined by its high ranking in purchasing power parity, a testament to its affluent standard of living.
A City Divided Yet United
Despite its political division, Nicosia’s cultural and social life thrives unimpeded. The old town’s iconic Ledra Street and the vibrant Makariou Avenue nightlife represent the city’s duality – a blend of historic charm and modern vivacity. The city is also an educational hub, hosting several universities that attract a large student population and contribute to the city’s dynamic atmosphere.