The Kingdom of Spain, known as “España” in Spanish, is located in Southwestern Europe, and also encompasses territories in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and parts of Africa. Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its coordinates are 40°N 4°W. The country covers an area of 505,994 square kilometers, making it the 51st largest country globally. The topography of Spain is diverse, including beaches, mountains, rivers, and forests. Its highest peak is Mount Teide on Tenerife, the third largest volcano in the world from its base.
Demographics of Spain
As of 2023, Spain’s population is approximately 48.3 million, making it the 30th most populous country. The population density stands at 94 inhabitants per square kilometer. The majority (87.1%) of the population are Spanish, with 12.9% being foreign nationals. The dominant religion is Catholicism, though a significant portion of the population identifies as atheist, agnostic, or non-religious. Spanish is the official language, and the country is characterized by a diverse cultural heritage influenced by various civilizations throughout its history.
Urbanization and Major Cities
Spain is a highly urbanized country. Madrid, the capital and largest city, has a population of over 3.2 million. Other major cities include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, and Málaga. These cities are not only administrative centers but also hubs of culture, finance, and industry. The urban landscape of Spain is marked by historical architecture, modern infrastructure, and vibrant cultural scenes.
Historical Overview
Spain’s history is marked by diverse civilizations and empires. The Iberian Peninsula has been inhabited since prehistoric times and saw significant Roman and Visigothic influences. The Umayyad Caliphate in the 8th century established Islamic rule in large parts of the peninsula, later known as Al-Andalus. The Reconquista culminated in the Christian seizure of the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada in 1492. The union of the Crowns of Castile and Aragon in 1479 is often considered the genesis of modern Spain. In the Age of Discovery, Spain established one of the largest empires, extending to the Americas and the Philippine Islands.
Economy and Social Development
Spain is a developed country with a high-income economy, ranking 15th in nominal GDP and 37th in GDP per capita as of 2023. Its economy is diverse, encompassing agriculture, manufacturing, and services, with a significant contribution from tourism. Spain is known for its rich cultural heritage, influential art, architecture, literature, and cuisine. It is one of the world’s most visited countries and a popular destination for international students. The country’s cultural impact extends globally, especially in the Hispanic world.